常用传感器讲解一--遥控杆-KY-023(joystick)

简介: 常用传感器讲解一

2000元阿里云代金券免费领取,2核4G云服务器仅664元/3年,新老用户都有优惠,立即抢购>>>


阿里云采购季(云主机223元/3年)活动入口:请点击进入>>>,


阿里云学生服务器(9.5元/月)购买入口:请点击进入>>>,

主要电子材料

截屏2023-12-27 下午7.15.33.png

具体讲解

Arduino Uno操纵杆控制器主要用于机器人手臂,记录坐标。允许重复记录坐标一次单击按钮或重复。使用Arduino Uno基板,不用附加板。需要USB连接(2A)或6V / 2A电源。使用四个伺服SG90进行测试。
按下操纵杆k1上的按钮开始记录坐标。按下操纵杆1上的按钮结束坐标记录。
按下操纵杆2上的按钮,开始重播录制的坐标。按下操纵杆2上的按钮停止重播录制的坐标。按住操纵杆2上的按钮,开始循环自动回放所记录的坐标。

硬件连线

截屏2023-12-27 下午7.15.56.png

截屏2023-12-27 下午7.16.27.png

这里只有两个伺服连接的测试板。连接4台伺服电机见原理图。

代码展示

/* meArm analog joysticks version 1.3.1 - UtilStudio.com Dec 2018
   Uses two analogue joysticks and four servos.

   In version 1.3 was improved recording of coordinates.
   Some bugs was removed.

   First joystick moves gripper forwards, backwards, left and right,
   button start/stop recording positions.

   Second joystick moves gripper up, down, and closes and opens,
   button start/stop playing recorded positions.
   Press button for 2 seconds to autoplay.

   Pins:
   Arduino    Stick1    Stick2    Base   Shoulder  Elbow    Gripper   Record/
      GND       GND       GND    Brown     Brown   Brown     Brown    Auto play
       5V       VCC       VCC      Red       Red     Red       Red    LED
       A0       HOR
       A1       VER
       PD2      BUTT
       A2                 HOR
       A3                 VER
       PD3                BUTT
       11                       Yellow
       10                                 Yellow
        9                                         Yellow
        6                                                   Yellow
       PD4                                                            X
*/
#include <Servo.h>

bool repeatePlaying = false; /* Repeatedly is running recorded cycle */
int delayBetweenCycles = 2000; /* Delay between cycles */

int basePin = 11;       /* Base servo */
int shoulderPin = 10;   /* Shoulder servo */
int elbowPin = 9;       /* Elbow servo */
int gripperPin = 6;     /* Gripper servo */

int xdirPin = 0;        /* Base - joystick1*/
int ydirPin = 1;        /* Shoulder - joystick1 */
int zdirPin = 3;        /* Elbow - joystick2 */
int gdirPin = 2;        /* Gripper - joystick2 */

//int pinRecord = A4;     /* Button record - backward compatibility */
//int pinPlay = A5;       /* Button play  - backward compatibility */
int pinRecord = PD2;     /* Button record - recommended (A4 is deprecated, will by used for additional joystick) */
int pinPlay = PD3;       /* Button play  - recommended (A5 is deprecated, will by used for additional joystick) */
int pinLedRecord = PD4;  /* LED - indicates recording (light) or auto play mode (blink one) */

bool useInternalPullUpResistors = false;

const int buffSize = 512; /* Size of recording buffer */

int startBase = 90;
int startShoulder = 90;
int startElbow = 90;
int startGripper = 0;

int posBase = 90;
int posShoulder = 90;
int posElbow = 90;
int posGripper = 0;

int lastBase = 90;
int lastShoulder = 90;
int lastElbow = 90;
int lastGripper = 90;

int minBase = 0;
int maxBase = 150;
int minShoulder = 0;
int maxShoulder = 150;
int minElbow = 0;
int maxElbow = 150;
int minGripper = 0;
int maxGripper = 150;

const int countServo = 4;
int buff[buffSize];
int buffAdd[countServo];
int recPos = 0;
int playPos = 0;

int buttonRecord = HIGH;
int buttonPlay = HIGH;

int buttonRecordLast = LOW;
int buttonPlayLast = LOW;

bool record = false;
bool play = false;
bool debug = false;

String command = "Manual";
int printPos = 0;

int buttonPlayDelay = 20;
int buttonPlayCount = 0;

bool ledLight = false;

Servo servoBase;
Servo servoShoulder;
Servo servoElbow;
Servo servoGripper;

void setup() {
   
   
  Serial.begin(9600);

  if (useInternalPullUpResistors) {
   
   
    pinMode(pinRecord, INPUT_PULLUP);
    pinMode(pinPlay, INPUT_PULLUP);
  }
  else
  {
   
   
    pinMode(pinRecord, INPUT);
    pinMode(pinPlay, INPUT);
  }

  pinMode(xdirPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(ydirPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(zdirPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(gdirPin, INPUT);

  pinMode(pinLedRecord, OUTPUT);

  servoBase.attach(basePin);
  servoShoulder.attach(shoulderPin);
  servoElbow.attach(elbowPin);
  servoGripper.attach(gripperPin);

  StartPosition();

  digitalWrite(pinLedRecord, HIGH);
  delay(1000);
  digitalWrite(pinLedRecord, LOW);
}

void loop() {
   
   

  buttonRecord = digitalRead(pinRecord);
  buttonPlay = digitalRead(pinPlay);

  //  Serial.print(buttonRecord);
  //  Serial.print("\t");
  //  Serial.println(buttonPlay);
  //  for testing purposes

  if (buttonPlay == LOW)
  {
   
   
    buttonPlayCount++;

    if (buttonPlayCount >= buttonPlayDelay)
    {
   
   
      repeatePlaying = true;
    }
  }
  else buttonPlayCount = 0;

  if (buttonPlay != buttonPlayLast)
  {
   
   
    if (record)
    {
   
   
      record = false;
    }

    if (buttonPlay == LOW)
    {
   
   
      play = !play;
      repeatePlaying = false;

      if (play)
      {
   
   
        StartPosition();
      }
    }
  }

  if (buttonRecord != buttonRecordLast)
  {
   
   
    if (buttonRecord == LOW)
    {
   
   
      record = !record;

      if (record)
      {
   
   
        play = false;
        repeatePlaying = false;
        recPos = 0;
      }
      else
      {
   
   
        if (debug) PrintBuffer();
      }
    }
  }

  buttonPlayLast = buttonPlay;
  buttonRecordLast = buttonRecord;

  float dx = map(analogRead(xdirPin), 0, 1023, -5.0, 5.0);
  float dy = map(analogRead(ydirPin), 0, 1023, 5.0, -5.0);
  float dz = map(analogRead(zdirPin), 0, 1023, 5.0, -5.0);
  float dg = map(analogRead(gdirPin), 0, 1023, 5.0, -5.0);

  if (abs(dx) < 1.5) dx = 0;
  if (abs(dy) < 1.5) dy = 0;
  if (abs(dz) < 1.5) dz = 0;
  if (abs(dg) < 1.5) dg = 0;

  posBase += dx;
  posShoulder += dy;
  posElbow += dz;
  posGripper += dg;

  if (play)
  {
   
   
    if (playPos >= recPos) {
   
   
      playPos = 0;

      if (repeatePlaying)
      {
   
   
        delay(delayBetweenCycles);
        StartPosition();
      }
      else
      {
   
   
        play = false;
      }
    }

    bool endOfData = false;

    while (!endOfData)
    {
   
   
      if (playPos >= buffSize - 1) break;
      if (playPos >= recPos) break;

      int data = buff[playPos];
      int angle = data & 0xFFF;
      int servoNumber = data & 0x3000;
      endOfData = data & 0x4000;

      switch (servoNumber)
      {
   
   
        case 0x0000:
          posBase = angle;
          break;

        case 0x1000:
          posShoulder = angle;
          break;

        case 0x2000:
          posElbow = angle;
          break;

        case 0x3000:
          posGripper = angle;
          dg = posGripper - lastGripper;
          break;
      }

      playPos++;
    }
  }

  if (posBase > maxBase) posBase = maxBase;
  if (posShoulder > maxShoulder) posShoulder = maxShoulder;
  if (posElbow > maxElbow) posElbow = maxElbow;
  if (posGripper > maxGripper) posGripper = maxGripper;

  if (posBase < minBase) posBase = minBase;
  if (posShoulder < minShoulder) posShoulder = minShoulder;
  if (posElbow < minElbow) posElbow = minElbow;
  if (posGripper < minGripper) posGripper = minGripper;

  servoBase.write(posBase);
  servoShoulder.write(posShoulder);
  servoElbow.write(posElbow);

  bool waitGripper = false;
  if (dg < 0) {
   
   
    posGripper = minGripper;
    waitGripper = true;
  }
  else if (dg > 0) {
   
   
    posGripper = maxGripper;
    waitGripper = true;
  }

  servoGripper.write(posGripper);
  if (play && waitGripper)
  {
   
   
    delay(1000);
  }

  if ((lastBase != posBase) | (lastShoulder != posShoulder) | (lastElbow != posElbow) | (lastGripper != posGripper))
  {
   
   
    if (record)
    {
   
   
      if (recPos < buffSize - countServo)
      {
   
   
        int buffPos = 0;

        if (lastBase != posBase)
        {
   
   
          buffAdd[buffPos] = posBase;
          buffPos++;
        }

        if (lastShoulder != posShoulder)
        {
   
   
          buffAdd[buffPos] = posShoulder | 0x1000;
          buffPos++;
        }

        if (lastElbow != posElbow)
        {
   
   
          buffAdd[buffPos] = posElbow | 0x2000;
          buffPos++;
        }

        if (lastGripper != posGripper)
        {
   
   
          buffAdd[buffPos] = posGripper | 0x3000;
          buffPos++;
        }

        buffAdd[buffPos - 1] = buffAdd[buffPos - 1] | 0x4000;

        for (int i = 0; i < buffPos; i++)
        {
   
   
          buff[recPos + i] = buffAdd[i];
        }

        recPos += buffPos;
      }
    }

    command = "Manual";
    printPos = 0;

    if (play)
    {
   
   
      command = "Play";
      printPos = playPos;
    }
    else if (record)
    {
   
   
      command = "Record";
      printPos = recPos;
    }

    Serial.print(command);
    Serial.print("\t");
    Serial.print(printPos);
    Serial.print("\t");
    Serial.print(posBase);
    Serial.print("\t");
    Serial.print(posShoulder);
    Serial.print("\t");
    Serial.print(posElbow);
    Serial.print("\t");
    Serial.print(posGripper);
    Serial.print("\t");
    Serial.print(record);
    Serial.print("\t");
    Serial.print(play);
    Serial.println();
  }

  lastBase = posBase;
  lastShoulder = posShoulder;
  lastElbow = posElbow;
  lastGripper = posGripper;

  if ( repeatePlaying)
  {
   
   
    ledLight = !ledLight;
  }
  else
  {
   
   
    if (ledLight)
    {
   
   
      ledLight = false;
    }

    if (record)
    {
   
   
      ledLight = true;
    }
  };

  digitalWrite(pinLedRecord, ledLight);
  delay(50);
}

void PrintBuffer()
{
   
   
  for (int i = 0; i < recPos; i++)
  {
   
   
    int data = buff[i];
    int angle = data & 0xFFF;
    int servoNumber = data & 0x3000;
    bool endOfData = data & 0x4000;

    Serial.print("Servo=");
    Serial.print(servoNumber);
    Serial.print("\tAngle=");
    Serial.print(angle);
    Serial.print("\tEnd=");
    Serial.print(endOfData);
    Serial.print("\tData=");
    Serial.print(data, BIN);
    Serial.println();
  }
}

void StartPosition()
{
   
   
  int angleBase = servoBase.read();
  int angleShoulder = servoShoulder.read();
  int angleElbow = servoElbow.read();
  int angleGripper = servoGripper.read();

  Serial.print(angleBase);
  Serial.print("\t");
  Serial.print(angleShoulder);
  Serial.print("\t");
  Serial.print(angleElbow);
  Serial.print("\t");
  Serial.print(angleGripper);
  Serial.println("\t");

  posBase = startBase;
  posShoulder = startShoulder;
  posElbow = startElbow;
  posGripper = startGripper;

  servoBase.write(posBase);
  servoShoulder.write(posShoulder);
  servoElbow.write(posElbow);
  servoGripper.write(posGripper);
}
相关文章
|
9月前
|
存储 芯片
人体感应太阳能灯原理图详细讲解
三河凡科科技飞讯教学,人体感应太阳能灯是一种利用太阳能源供电,通过人体红外线感应技术实现智能控制灯源开关的照明设备。其原理是利用太阳能板将太阳能转化为电能,通过对电池的储存和管理,将电能存储在电池中,作为灯源使用时的电力供应。同时,通过人体红外线感应技术,能够实现对灯源的智能控制。
人体感应太阳能灯原理图详细讲解
|
4天前
|
传感器
|
4天前
|
传感器
|
4天前
|
传感器
http://www.vxiaotou.com